本文研究了城市规模如何通过需求效应和竞争效应影响商品价格。为了准确识别城市规模对微观商品价格的影响及渠道，本文基于国际标准条形码（UPS）匹配了2012-2013年华润万家2省11市23家超市177种商品811 632条微观商品价格条形码数据，并构建了考虑消费份额权重的价格指数EPI，有效克服了此前文献使用传统价格指数时存在的商品异质性和加总偏误等问题。研究结果表明：采用条形码商品微观价格和EPI指标数据后，大城市商品价格相对偏低；机制检验发现竞争效应的作用显著高于需求效应；异质性分析表明城市规模对生鲜类商品价格的负向作用最大，对非食品类商品价格的负向作用较弱，验证了新经济地理学说中的冰山成本理论。研究结果具有稳健性。
Abstract
City size can influence commodity prices through two channels: the demand effect and the competition effect.On the one hand, large cities have a higher demand for quantity and quality commodities due to their high population density and higher income levels, thus increasing the price of commodities.On the other hand, large cities generally have more branded supermarkets, which reinforces the degree of market competition and therefore reduces the price of commodities.In order to measure the impact of city scale on commodity price and accurately identify channels, this paper matches data on 811,632 barcode micro-pricesfor 177 commodities from 23 CR Vanguard supermarkets located in 11 cities in two provinces in China from between 2012 and 2013 based on the international standard barcode(UPS).It constructs a price index(EPI) that considers the weight of the consumption share, effectively overcoming the problems of commodity heterogeneity and aggregate bias faced by the previous literature when using CPI and other traditional price indexes.The empirical results show that, using commodity barcode micro-prices and EPI indicator data, commodity prices in large cities are relatively low; the mechanism test finds that the competition effect is significantly greater than the demand effect;and the heterogeneity analysis shows that city size has the greatest negative effect on the price of fresh commodities and a relatively weaker effect on the price of non-food commodities, which validates the iceberg cost theory within the new economic geography model.The empirical results are solid.
关键词
城市规模 /
条形码价格数据 /
竞争效应 /
需求效应 /
冰山成本理论
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Key words
city size /
commodity barcode prices /
competition effect /
demand effect /
iceberg cost theory
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中图分类号：
L81
R12
R13
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基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目（16ZDA042）。
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